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英语四级万能句,虚拟语气 英语四六级中虚拟语气知识点篇一
概述：
如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？ 1.i wish i were a request that you be here tomorrow.也许你会说:“哈哈，第一句的 i were 错了，应该是 i was；而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其实上面的句子都是一种称为 subjunctive 类型的句子。subjunctive mood 有的书译为“假设语气”，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。subjunctive mood中文译作“虚拟语气”，似乎不及“假设语气”那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(subjunctive present)和虚拟过去(subjunctive past)两种；但它们和时态(tenses)上所指的现在时态(present tense)和过去时态(past tense)是有所不同的
一、虚拟现在(subjunctive present):
虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：
1.1 现在时态(simple present):(右边为虚拟语气)i work—-i work you work—-you work he works—-he work(注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)she works—-she work(不是 she works 喔）
it works—-it work(同样不是 it works 喔)we work—-we work they work—-they work 1.2 现在进行时态(present continuous)右边为虚拟语气）
i am working—-i be working(注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)
you are working—-you be working he is working—-he be working she is working—-she be working it is working—-it be working we are working—-we be working they are woring—-they be working 1.3 现在完成时态(present perfect)右边为虚拟语气)i have worked—-i have worked you have worked—-you have worked he has worked—–he have worked(用的还是have喔)she has worked—-she have worked it has worked—-it have worked we have worked—-we have worked they have worked—-they have worked 1.4 现在完成进行时态(present perfect continuous)右边为虚拟语气)i have been working—-i have been working you have been working—-you have been working he has been working—-he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working—-she have been working it has been working—it have been working we have been working—-we have been working they have been working—-they have been working
二、虚拟过去(subjunctive past)
虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去 中要用 were。
2.1 过去时态(simple past)右边为虚拟语气)i worked—-i worked you worked—-you worked he worked—-he worked she worked—-she worked it worked—-it worked we worked—-we worked they worked—-they worked 2.2 过去进行时态(past continuous)右边为虚拟语气)i was working—-i were working（注意是 i were）
you were working—-you were working he was working—-he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working—-she were working it was working—-it were working we were working—-we were working they were working—-they were working 2.3 过去完成时态(past perfect)右边为虚拟语气)i had worked—-i had worked you had worked—-you had worked he had worked—-he had worked she had worked—-she had worked it had worked—-it had worked we had worked—-we had worked they had worked—-they had worked(耶，全部都用 had!)2.4 过去完成进行时态(past perfect continuous)右边为虚拟语气
i had been working—-i had been working you had been working—-you had been working he had been working—-he had been working she had been working—-she had been working it had been working—-it had been working we had been working—-we had been working they had been working—-they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）
三、简单的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿
you be happy.(注意那个 be)祝你幸福。
you have a good the friendship between us last long, a good journey!祝你旅途愉快！3.2 命令
注意：1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！
3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(simple present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。
! harder! more alert!(虚拟语气动词 be) go out! not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)’t be afraid.(口语中常用don’t 代替 do not)
四、在现在时态句里，用情态动词(modal verb)的过去时态
(could,might,should,would)表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼、委婉等： you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情态动词 would,表示客气有礼) would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)
五、虚拟语气在宾语从句(subordinate clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虚拟语气宾语从句(可省略它的that)：
表示：a.和现在的事实相反；
b.和过去的事实相反；
c.对将来的主观愿望。
5.1.1 现在情况的虚拟，从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)：
1.i wish(that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式 knew)
我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2.i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)
但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3.i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)
但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能,难道是鸟人？呵呵) she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)
现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)5.1.2 过去情况的虚拟，从句动词用“had + 过去分词”（时间上较前): 1.i wish(that可省略，下同)i hadn’t wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) wishes he hadn’t lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)4.i wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)5.1.3 将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)，从句动词用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”(时间上较后):
(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同喔)1.i wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)2.i wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)4.i wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔) will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)为了这个wish的部份，可花了我不少时间喔。i wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外，下列各动词(如 suggest)的后面的虚拟语气宾语从句，其谓语用 ：“should + 动词原形”表示建议(suggest)、坚持(insist)等虚拟语气： * suggest(建议), recommend(推荐), advise(劝告), propose(建议)* insist(坚持), consent(允诺)* decide(决定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主张), urge(催促)1.i suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start)(表示建议立即开会) doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try)(表示建议你应该减肥喔) insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be)(表示坚持,无论如何都要准时到那儿。你再讲也没用哩！) insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell)(表示非要你告诉他不可) ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should + wash)(表示命令学生们每周自己洗衣服)
六、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：
下列名词后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should + 动词原形” 表示虚拟语气： * demand(要求), desire(请求),requirment(要求)* advice(劝告), recommendation(建议),suggestion(建议)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(优先)* proposal(计划), plan(计划), idea(办法) advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名词advice，should + leave)(表示加以劝告) idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get)(表示做出主意)3.i make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold)(表示做出计划)虚拟语气之类的语法真是错综复杂，不是一时半刻就能弄清楚的。再会
七、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
句型：it is(或was)+ 形容词(或过去分词)+ that …… +should + 动词原 形……
句子：it is natural that she should do so.(形容词natural, should+动词原 形do)常用的形容词：
* natural(自然的), appropriate(适当的),advisable(合适的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必须的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本质的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(极好的)常用的过去分词(past participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被请求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建议), recommended(推荐)* orderd(命令) is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have)(表示有需要去散步) was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make)(表示有必要事先做好准备) is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should + smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟) is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be)(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)’s important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should + take)(表示重要的是照顾好病人)
八、虚拟语气在条件从句(protasis)中的用法： 条件从句有两类：（1）真实条件句；（2）虚拟条件句。如果假设情况有可能发生的，就是“真实条件句”。如：
time permits, we’ll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）如果假设的情况与事实相反，则为“虚拟条件句”。如：
it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）这回我们要谈的就是关于“虚拟条件句”的一些句型。
* 这种句子一般由“从句”（subordinate clause)和“主句”(main clause)组成。如上 例：
if it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“if it had rained yesterday” 就是“从句”；“we would have stayed at home” 则为“主句。
* 无论”从句“或”主句“的谓语都要用虚拟语气。它们所用的动词有三种时态(tenses)，就是：
现在时态、过去时态、将来时态。* 句型：
8.1 与现在事实相反的假设(事情的发生都在同一时间内): 从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式(be 用 were)+ ……
主句：主语 + would(should, could , might)+ 动词原形 + ……
i were you, i would go with him.(从句 if i were you, 主句 i would go with him.) i were you, i should buy it.(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形 buy) i had time, i would study french.(如果有时间，我会学习法文。）
（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形 study）
she knew english, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)
(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”主语 + would be + 进行式动词 + ……“ they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 与过去事实相反的假设(假设从句的事实为过去的事)：
从句：if + 主语 + had +过去完成式动词 + ……
主句：主语 + would(should, could, might)+ have +过去完成式动词 +……
you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)
如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。
you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)
如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。
you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用 have caught)
如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。 it had snowed, i would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用 have skied)
如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。
注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用：”i主语 + would + have + 完成进行式动词+……
they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用 have been speaking)8.3 与将来的事实可能相反(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)：
从句：if + 主语 + should(或were)+ 动词原形 +……
主句：主语 + would(could, should, might)+ 动词原形 +……
it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用 be)
如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。
he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用 tell)
如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。
he were here, i would give him the books.(从句动词用 were, 主句动词用 give)
如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。
注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用：“if + 主语 + 过去进行式动词+……” she were staying here now, i would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用 were staying, 主句动词用 let)
如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。
8.4 从句的 if 有时可省略，那么从句中的动词(were, had, should)就得移到主语前 面：
1.原句：if she were younger, she would do it.去if：were she younger, she would do it.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)2.原句：if he had tried it, he could have done it.去if：had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)8.5 有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：
1.i could help you.(只有主句）
i had time.(只有从句）
should have come to the meeting.(只有主句) he had much more money.(只有从句)8.6 有时虚拟条件句的从句和主句地动词动作时态会不一致：
8.6.1 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
if they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：
if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：
if we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn’t dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 从句表示将来，主句表示现在：
if we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, i would go shopping now.九、其他虚拟语气在句子中的应用：
9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的状语从句，表示与事实相反：
pretends as if he didn’t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设）
他假装好象完全不懂那事，其实他对那事非常了解。
old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实)
那老人看着照片，他觉得仿佛回到20年前的时光。
talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet，表示与将来事实相反)
他们谈了又谈，仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
9.2 用 had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情。
其宾语从句的谓语要用“would + 动词原形”：
1.i had hoped that she would go to the study there, but she said she liked to stay in china.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中 国。
9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”、“如果没有”，表 示条件虚拟句：
t air, nothing could live.要是没有空气，什么也不能生存。
for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的帮忙，我们是难有成就的。
the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果没有水和空气，什么也不能生存。练习：
surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√ s ed informed at the terrible trouble i your advice! √ followed follow followed 3.i wish go to the movie with you tonight, but i have to finish myhomework then.a.i can √b.i could c.i will d.i would ble, we would certainly have sent him to the was n’t john √ john been had been 5.i would have come sooner but i that you were ’t known ’t known √’t know known you had told me in advance, i him at the airport.√ have met meet met ody has ’s time we the meeting. start started start √d does not dare to leave the house in will recognize √ should be recognized
is recognized recognizes in looked as though he ill for a long been √ been 10.i’d rather you about it for the time ’t think √’t think not think not thought is necessary that mark in time to attend the meeting.√ come is working hard for fear that behind fall behind √ fall behind fall behind is imperative that hurst wood to hospital at taken be taken √ be taken be taken driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the down down break down √ break down ow, i ivory would surely be she comes she comes break down √ break down
is highly desirable that a new chairman for the be elected elected √ elected talks as if she on the √ been 18.i didn’t go to the i do wish i √ been is requested that every student a plan for the nest √ make make librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√ ed have borrowed ing if she there, margaret could not have done anything being √ been
22.i don’t think it advisable that darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√ assigned be assigned assigned been assigned
英语四级万能句,虚拟语气 英语四六级中虚拟语气知识点篇二
外语下载中心http://
雅思图表作文模板句
is a table / chart /(line线状 bar柱状 pie饼状)graph which demonstrate / illustrate / reveal /depict /privide information
about……para2.(1)obvious /apparent from the graph is that…rank the
first/highest,while/whereas….turn out to be the lowest
(2)it is exhibited/shown in the table that…..(3)it can be seen from the table that…..para3.(1)饼．柱图 a，which accounts for…%,ranks the first;then next is b with…%;followed by c,constituting…%;finally it comes d.e.f at…%…%and…%respectively
(2)特殊变化（不变，增长或下降多的）
①it is worth mentioning that….②it must be pointed out that….③more striking/suprising is that…. conclude /in conclusion/overall
第一部分、用于雅思小作文开头部分经典句型
1、通过第一个曲线图，我们可以知道____,也说明了结果是___
according to the first graph, it can be seen that ______________, it can also be concluded from it that ______________.2、一张有趣、有教育意义的内容的图片
there is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: _
3、当前有一张涉及______的增长曲线图，许多人______，ys there is a growing concern over __________ people like______________, while others are inclined to ______________.4、目前，共同之处是_____,许多人喜欢______因为_______除此之外还由于_____nowadays, it is common to people like___,because s, _____________.5、（图表所示）_____，就像许多其他事物，被____更加喜爱，然而这一观点正被_______所抨击，一些人认为_________，他们指出___________
______________, just like many other things, are preferred by being attacked by the idea that _________, some people consider
外语下载中心http://
point that ______________.6、每种事物都有两面性和________，是没有异议的，包括利和弊
everything has two sides and ______________ is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.7、_____作为_____被观察了许多年，但是人们现在像发现新大陆一样注视着它for years ______________ had been viewed as people are taking a fresh look at it now.8、政府保证________，对于这份保证，大多数人做出了强烈地回应，因为_____it has stipulated by the government that this
stipulation,many people respond actively because ______________.9、_______出现在我们日常生活中是很平常的，无论我们做什么，_______都是不可避免的._______ is a common occurrence in our daily er we do, _______ can’t be avoided.10、___在人群中已经成为热门话题，特别是在年轻人中，激烈的争论无休止
______________ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.11、最近，_______已经成为社会焦点，这样，人们涌往______
recently, ______________ has become the focus of the society, and in this swarm to ______________.12、_____在我们日复一日的生活中起到了越来越重要的作用，它为我们带来了许多好处,同时也减少了许多问题
_____________ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but created some serious problems as well.13、人们正面临着一个很严重的问题_______,首先______，然后________
man is now facing a big problem-______________, which is becoming more and more , ______________ second, ______________.14、现在，越来越多的人开始意识到________的严重性
nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of ______________.15、最近几年人们基本意识到_________
it is only during the last years that man has become generally aware that______________.16、有一个旧的说法________-，它是我们父辈的经验，然而，今天在许多事情上，它仍是正确的there is an old saying, ‘s the experience of our forefathers,however, it is correct in many cases ever today.17、英国谚语_______，这是非常正确的，因为_________
the english proverb says, is quite true because ________.18、_____是______,同时又是_____,这两个因素已经引起______,我们应该做些什么解决________面对目前的环境
______________ is now______________, and at the same two factors have caused what shall we do to solve ______________ in the face of such a situation.19、一位远古的哲人说过，________,中国人已经铭记于心
one of our ancient philosophers said, e people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.20、一位非常著名的作家说过______,如果这是真的， of the great early writers said that this is true, the present situation should make us ponder over ______________.第二部分、用于雅思小作文中间部分经典句型
1.最明显的原因_______,因此_________
the most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that uently, _______.2.无论你喜欢与否，_____已经变得越来越流行，这是有原因的no matter you like it or not, aaa has become more and more popular and there are many reason for it.3.对我们来说，改变这个不利的环境________是非常紧急的it’s an urgent task for us to change this unfavorable situation: ______________.4.这个图片会让你想起一些奇怪的东西，这种现象还是会继续存在这个社会the picture can reminds you of some strange, yet familiar phenomena existing in our society.5.提供了大量的解决方案，一些人建议______,另一些人建议______
a great number of solutions are being people suggest argue that ______________.6.对于____,我们应该____
confronted with aaa, we should take a serious of effective measures to cope with the situation.7.然而，______引起了许多为问题，however, _______ may cause some , it is , y, , it is clear that ________has its advantages and disadvantages.8.虽然____有一个______的非常大的好处，但是它不能完全______在_____方面although ______________ has a great advantage of ______________, it can’tcompete with ______________ in ______________.9._____也许更喜欢_____,但是_____忍受_____的不利之出
______________ may be preferable to ______________, but it suffers from the disadvantages that ______________.10._____的有利之处比______的有利之处要多，举例说明，_____
the advantages of ______________ are much greater that those instance, i don’t think it is a very good way to solve instance, of all, are many ways to , , , __
the contrary, there are some people in favor of believe er, they think are several measures for us to , we can ______________, there are a number of advantages of r solution is to is high time that something was done about example, addition, these measures will certainly are some other people, who reasons are different,something for ______________, sometimes for ______________, and sometimes simply for ______________.17.______________ is necessary and important to our country’s development and ,_________’s more, important of all, r, if not managed properly, ______________ can create many mes rmore, ____fore, _____________ has been gaining public concern.19.有很多原因____，„„„
①there are probably many reasons for __, __, __y, are,i think,two main reasons for the first place, the second place, _fore,__________.② well, why is there ______________? i think there might be two is ______________, and the other is ______________.③why ______________? for one thing, another, s the main reason is ______________.④why ______________? the first reason is that secondreason is third is all this, the main cause of ______________ is due to is no easy job to find the reasons for this tendency which involves several complicated some others ___________.21.“why do ______________?” many people often ask questions like recent years, there is a general tendency to ing to a study, there is ed with ______________ last ______________?
ing to a survey, there is a growing number of _________ brings this result? the main reason rests with.24.①some people prefer to their opinion, _____ addition, heless, nowadays, ______________ has become more and more common.②many people are inclined to _____ their opinion, believe that , there _____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ second, makes things worse is that ys, _____ has become a problem we have to it’s easier said than done, with the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it.27.对于这个图，说明了_____
①the graph shows the general trend in ______________.②according to the figures/numbers/statistics/percentages in the table/chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen that sly, ______________, but why?
③the figure indicates/shows/suggests/proves that ______ is a steady/rapid development/trend of ______________.④from the graph/chart, we know the statistics of ______________ and can be seen easily that ______________.⑤according to the two graphs presented, it can be observed that _____in the left graph, the same time, ______________ as the right graph shows.28.现在我们经常听到_____,但是真的如此吗？
①these days we are often told that is it true?②these days we often hear about is this really the case?
29.一位著名的作家曾经说过_____，one of the great writers once said that it still has arealistic significance.30.回看历史，______的想法从来都没流行过，一方面_____另一方面______in our history, the idea that ______________ never has been so one hand,_____, on the other hand,____________.31.人们中有许多像____不同的意见，一些人认为_______
there are different opinions among people as to people suggest that ______________.32.一些人认为_______对_______来说在许多方面都是好的，然，其他人不同意some people hold the opinion that ______________ is superior to ______________ in many ways: others, however, disagree with it.33.现在虽然越来越多的人______,但仍有一些_____的人，他们也许认为_____nowadays although more and more people ______________, still there are some who think ______________, they may think ____________.
英语四级万能句,虚拟语气 英语四六级中虚拟语气知识点篇三
高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理
英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：
1.虚拟语气
he is honest.他很诚实。（陈述语气）
don‘t be late next time.下次别迟到。（祈使语气）
if i were you，i would not go.我要是你，我就不会去。（虚拟语气）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了。（虚拟语气）2第一类
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如： if i have time，i will go.假若我有时间，我就去。（陈述语气）
if i were you，i would go.假若我是你，我就去。（虚拟语气）
条件句的谓语时态类型 主句谓语形式 例句 形式
i were you, i should 动词过去式 与现在事实would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my
advice, you would not have 动词过去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.与过去事实相反
you came tomorrow, we ①动词过去式 would have the meeting.① 与将来事实would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③
*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）
注：特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
if you tried again，you would succeed.要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again，you could succeed.要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、if虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：if it weren’t for„和if it hadn’t been for„，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是没有水植物就无法生长。
if it hadn’t been for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4、if虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。
had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,„)如果你问我，我会告诉你。
3第二类
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)
（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
only 与 i wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。
if only i had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示“宁愿做什么”，具体用法为：
① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你没有这样说过。
if(though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if(as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例： he acts as if he knew me.他显得认识我似的。
they treat me as though i were a stranger.他们待我如陌生人。
he talks as if he had been abroad.他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1)从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
it looks as if we’ll be late.我们似乎要迟到了。
(2)注意 it isn’t as if„的翻译：
it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
4第三类
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1.在 lest，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2.表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提议move, vote希望desire坚持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：
i insisted that he(should)stay.我坚持要他留下。
he urged that they go to europe.他督促他们到欧洲去。
he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建议我们早点动身。
he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。
i ask that he leave.我要求他走开。
he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出场。
i move that we accept the proposal.我提议通过这项提案。
he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去国外。
she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。
the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.将军指示释放那些俘虏。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气
比较：
he insisted that ihad read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。
he insisted that i should read his letter.他坚持要我看他的信。
he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建议我们留下吃饭。
i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我觉得你与他心照不宣。
,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “it is(was)+ 紧急 重要–带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed
第四类
it’s time后的从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
’s time we went [were going, should go].我们该走了。
it’s time i was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)
it’s time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time
第五类
表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。
may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。
第六类
在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1）有that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。
2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。
3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）to think that i trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。5 wish和as if
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + 动词过去式（be 一律用were）
例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
we wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish(that)+ 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虚拟。
as if„.表好像„„我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：it is as if„„。(就好象是„„)
as if + 从句，主句。（好像„„ sb.+ do„）表达一种假设的条件。而 as if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。
l.33 a day to remember 中原句，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。
注：something is to happened，i’m to face it。
6注意事项
使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能说：weren’t it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)
we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn’t got your help)
but for the rain(= if it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(连词)
a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定语从句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(连词)
everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(独立主格结构)
混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气
1。混合型虚拟语气：
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：
if you had followedthe doctor’s advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)
2.含蓄型虚拟语气：
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如
without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出虚拟语气。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn’t lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：
he would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙
he would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多
英语四级万能句,虚拟语气 英语四六级中虚拟语气知识点篇四
关于旅游的作文句
your next vacation, why not consider visiting pairs? paris is one
of the liveliest cities in g has lots of wonderful sights, including the great wall, the
summer palace and so has everything—beautiful views, friendly people and exciting
things to can take photos in the summer palace and try delicious chinese food in wangfujing ai is a good place to go can buy lots of gifts for
your winter vacation, i went to beijing with my had a
great time the morning we went to the palace museum where we leant a lot
about chinese culture and buildings there were so amazing that i took a lot of the day, we climbed the hills and enjoyed the beautiful night, we sang songs, danced and told stories happily by the winter vacation, i will volunteer my time to help l years have time my parents repeat the story, we cannot help giving a hearty(衷心的)laugh.10.i closed my eyes to feel the sun, the breeze and the fresh air with my ’s a very good trip, and we all enjoyed i have another holiday, i will go there is on the farm that i get to know the meaning of the saying, “ a grain, a sweat.”（“一滴汗水，一份收获”）
helps you stay away from the noise and pollution of the also gets you closer to experience in beijing is so impressive that i will never forget it.关于旅游的作文句
1． 关于你的下一个假期，为什么不考虑参观巴黎呢？巴黎是欧洲最有
活力的城市之一。
2． 北京有许多很棒的景点，包括长城颐和园等等。
3． 它什么都有——美丽的景点、友好的人们以及让人激动的事情。你
可以在颐和园照相并且在王府井大街尝美味的中国食物。
4． 上海是一个购物的好地方。你可以给朋友买许多礼物。
5． 上个寒假，我和父母去了上海。我们玩得很高兴。
6.上午我们去了故宫，在那我们了解了许多中国文化和历史。那的建筑物是如此令人吃惊我们照了许多照片。
7.白天，我们爬山并欣赏美丽的风景。晚上，我们绕着篝火开心地唱歌跳舞。
8.这个寒假，我将用我的时间做志愿者帮助别人。
9.几年过去了，每当父母旧事重提，我们都忍不住开心一笑。
10.我闭上眼睛，用心感受阳光、微风和清新的空气。
11.旅游帮助你远离城市的喧嚣与污染。它也帮助你离大自然更近。
12.在北京的经历是如此让人印象深刻我永远也无法忘记。
英语四级万能句,虚拟语气 英语四六级中虚拟语气知识点篇五
英语作文常用句式
一、引出开头
1：it is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==as far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）
2：recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.== nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
3：nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
4：internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）
5：with the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……
（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）
6：it is a common belief that……==it is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
7：a lot of people seem to think that……
（很多人似乎认为……）8: it is universally acknowledged that + 句子
（全世界都知道…）
is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。
10.______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.…已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。11.______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.…在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。
ing to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that______ sly，______，but why? 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？
present/nowadays, one phenomenon calls for/deserves people’s attention is that: …
目前，一种现象引起了人们的注意：…
controversial issue often brought into public focus is that:…
一种经常引起公众争议的问题是：
phenomenon of____ has given rise to a heated discussion.一种…的现象经常引起人们的热烈讨论.二、表达不同观点
‘s views on……vary from person to hold that……however, others believe that……
（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）des towards（drugs）vary from person to person.==different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）
（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）
5.关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……
there are different opinions among people as to people suggest that ____.6.俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。
there is an old ’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.7.现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。
today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily , ____ second, makes things worse is that______.8.现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。
nowadays，it is common to people like ______ because s，______.9.任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.10.关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… people’s opinions about ______ vary from person to people say that them, _____.三． 提出自己的观点
1.至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……
as far as i am concerned, i agree with the latter opinion to some extent.i think that ____.2.但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……
but ______and ______have their own example, _____, ing this with that, however, i prefer to______.3.就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… personally, i believe uently, i’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.4.至于我（对我来说，就我而言），我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能…… for my part, i think it reasonable in this way can you _____.5.对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同样重要的是……
in my opinion, i think it necessary reasons are as but not least,______.6.在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。
it is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation r, from a personal point of view find______.四．中间段落句
1.相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
on the contrary，there are some people in favor of the same time，they say____.2.但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
but i don’t think it is a very good way to solve example， of all，___.3.……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country’s development and ，’s more, important of all,______.4.有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
there are several measures for us to , we can______
5.面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to one thing，______for another，______
6.早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
it is high time that something was done about these measures will certainly______.7.为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
why______? the first reason is that second reason is third is all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.8.然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
however, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.9.尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
nonetheless, i believe that ______is more advantageous.10.完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：
i fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.五、表示结尾
short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）
what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）
all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）/therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）
is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点）
in all, we cannot live without……, but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）
7.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。
in a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of in this way can ______in the future.8.随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。
with the development of society, it’s urgent and necessary to every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.9.综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……
from what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.10.如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……
if we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.六、提出建议
1：it is high time that we put an end to the(trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）
2：there is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）
3：obviously, if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：spare no effort to + v
（不遗余力的）
七、预示后果 1：obviously，if we don’t control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：no doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：it is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）
八、表示论证 1：from my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：i cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：as far as i am concerned/in my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：i sincerely believe that……==i am greatly convinced(that)从句.（我真诚地相信……）
5：finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）
九、给出原因
1：the reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（…的原因是…）
2: this phenomenon exists for a number of ,…….second,…….third，……。
这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……
3：for one thing,…… for another thing，…… ==on the one hand,……on the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
4：i quite agree with the statement that……the reasons are chiefly as follows.我十分赞同这一论述，即……。其主要原因如下。
十、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法
1：the best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是…… 2：as far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，…… 3;it is obvious that……
很显然……
4：it may be true that……but it doesn’t mean that…… 可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……
5;it is natural to believe that……but we shouldn’t ignore that…… 认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……
6：there is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……
十一、表示好处和坏处
1：it has the following advantages.它有如下优势: 2：it is beneficial/harmful to us.==it is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处 3: it has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处
十二、表示重要、方便、可能
1：it is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……
2：it plays an important role in our life.十三、采取措施
1：we should take some effective measures.我们应该采取有效措施 2：we should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.我们应该尽最大努力去克服困难
3：we should do our utmost in doing sth.我们应该尽力去做……
4：we should solve the problems that we are confronted/faced with.我们应该解决我们面临的困难
十四、显示变化
1：some changes have taken place in the past five years.过去五年发生了很多变化 2：great changes will certainly be produced in the international communications.在国际交流中理所当然会发生很多大的变化
3：it has increased/decreased from…to…他已经从…增加/减少到… 4：the output of july in this factory increased by 15%.这个工厂7月份产量以增加了15%
十五、表明事实现状
1;we cannot ignore the fact that……我们不能忽略这个事实…… 2：no one can deny the fact that……没人能否认这个事实…… 3：this is a phenomenon that many people are interested in… 4: be closely related to …
（与…息息相关）
十六、进行比较
1：compared with a,b……
与a比较，b…… 2;i prefer to read rather than watch tv.十七、常用英语谚语
1：actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩 2：all is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子 3：all roads lead to rome.条条大路通罗马
4：a good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半 5：every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊 6：a miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里 7：failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母 8: industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母 9: it is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老 10: knowledge is power.知识就是力量
11: nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
提纲式作文写作模板
1、对立观点式
a.有人认为x 是好事，赞成x，为什么？
b.有人认为x 是坏事，反对x，为什么？
c.我的看法。
some people are in favor of the idea of doing point out the fact that 支持x 的第一个原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一个原因。however, other people stand on a different consider it harmful to do firmly point out that 反对x 的第一个理由。an example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both i think the advantages of x overweigh the addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。
2、批驳观点式
a．一个错误观点。
b．我不同意。many people argue that 错误观点。by saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that 一个例子。(according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。there might be some element of truth in these people’s if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。
3、社会问题(现象)式
a．一个社会问题或者现象
b．产生的原因
c．对社会和我们生活的影响
d．如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)
e．前景的预测。
nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(x has increasingly become a common concern of the public).according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文写法。x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm.同上based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will……
辩论式议论文模版
（一）some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that
other people take an opposite firmly believe that
for me, i agree to the former/latter are a dozen of reasons behind my of all， importantly， important of all， summary, 总结观点。as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或from above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（二）people hold different views about people are of the opinion that
others point out that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more one thing， another， but not the least， conclude, a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或from above, we can predict that 预测。
辩论式议论文模版
（三）there is no consensus of opinions among people about x(争论的焦点)。some people are of the view that
others take an opposite side, firmly believing that
far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many reasons are of all，rmore， all of the supporting evidences, one is the is, 论据3.a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心。或 from above, we can predict that 预测。
虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）
虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。一．if引导的非真实条件句中
1.与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式(be用were而不用was)
（主句谓语动词）
should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反：（从句谓语动词）had + 过去分词
（主句谓语动词）should/ would/could/might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）+动词原形 2.动词过去式
to+动词原形
（主句谓语动词）should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形
2.省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。if he had worked harder，he would have got through the exams.== had he worked harder，he would have got through the he were to leave today，he would get there by friday.==were he to leave today，he would get there by i were in your place，i wouldn’t do that.==were i in your place，i wouldn’t do that.3.有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，but for）、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：we didn’t know his telephone number;otherwise we would have telephoned t you help，i wouldn’t have achieved so for（“要不是。..。..”的意思）your help，i would not have succeeded.二： 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况：
1.在表示建议，要求，命令，想法的动词后的从句里，用should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。如 advise，agree，command，decide，demand，determine，grant，indicate，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，stipulate，suggest，urge，vote.常考到的是： suggest，advise，demand，require，propose，insist，order， doctor suggested that he（should）take short leave of author proposed that tv（should）be turned off at least one hour every day.2.在表示建议，要求，命令，想法的名词后的从句里，用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。如 advice，decision，agreement，command，decree，demand，determination，indication，insistence，order，preference，proposal，request，requirement，stipulation was bill’s suggestion that everyone（should）have a suggestion was that everyone（should）have a gave us a suggestion that everyone（should）have a map.3.在it is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构，should 可以省略。这类形容词常见的有： advisable，anxious，compulsory，crucial，desirable，eager，essential，fitting，imperative（绝对必要），impossible，improper，important，natural，necessary，obligatory，possible，preferable，probable，recommended，urgent，vital ’s natural that she（should）do is essential that we（should）tell her the news.4.在 lest 和 for fear that（以免），in case（以防）从句中用should，should 可以省略。
she walked quietly lest she（should）wake up her your gun ready in case we should need it.三： wish 后的 that 从句中：
1.表示现在或将来的愿望，从句中过去式。i wish i knew his address.i wish i were young.2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望，从句用过去完成式或would，could，might + had + 过去分词。
i wish you had written to him.3.如果将wish改成wished，其后that 从句中动词的形式不变。
4.如果that 从句中用would，一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求 i wish he would answer my letter.i wish prices would come down.i wish you would help me.i wish you would stop asking silly questions.四： 在 it’s about/ high/ first（second，third etc）time 后的that 从句中，用过去式。表示“该是做什么的时候了”
it is about time you were in is high time we is the first time i came here.五： 在if only（“如果。..。就好了”的意思）感叹句中，谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同。
if only he didn’t drive so fast！（现在）if only she had asked someone’s advice.（过去）if only the rain would stop.（将来）
六： 在as if / as though 从句中，表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑，用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况，用过去完成式。
he speaks as if he were on the spoke to me as if i were device operated as though it had been repaired.注： 1.在 as if / as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。he looks as if he is going to be ill.2.在 insist 后的从句中，如果是坚持自己，用陈述语气，坚持别人做什么事情，用虚拟语气。
she insists that she is insisted that i should finish the work at once.